Traditional Saree Weaving in Betgeri-Gadag Cluster of Karnataka free essay sample

Gadag is a city in Karnataka state in India. It is the authoritative central station of Gadag District. Gadag and its sister city Betageri (or Betgeri) have a consolidated city organization, and the region of Gadag-Betageri has a populace of 1,54,849 and a region of 54. 56 km?. Starting at 2001 India Gadag-Betgeri had a populace of 154,849. Guys establish 51% of the populace and females 49%. Gadag-Betageri has a normal education pace of 71%; male proficiency is 79%, and female proficiency is 64%. 12% of the populace is under 6 years old. Gadag has become the region head quarters since 1997. Gadag comprises of five taluks specifically Gadag-Betageri, Ron, Shirhatti, Naragund and Mundargi Since most recent two centuries Gadag-Betgeri region is celebrated for its weaving and texture delivering exercises. Betgeri is renowned for its great quality mercerized cotton and silk sarees with celebrated Gadi Dadiâ€Border and Red shading Tope Theni Pallow like popular ILKAL sarees. This district of North Karnataka has part of weaving exercises to the degree of 20 thousand individuals are occupied with this calling. We will compose a custom article test on Conventional Saree Weaving in Betgeri-Gadag Cluster of Karnataka or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page April, May and JuneMore interest for sarees, however less productionAbsence of Expert weaver because of marriage season July,Aug. also, Sept. No interest for sarees due to â€Å"Ashadamasa†Slack of market. More creation in the bunch. Oct,Nov and Dec. More interest for sarees ,yet less productionAbsence of Expert weaver because of celebrations Jan,Feb,MarchLess salesMore creation in the group. Practically all the Powerloom Industrialists in this bunch have their own market consistently. However, the issue saw by overview is the non accessibility of master weaver and their successive movements. Thus just monetarily solid can stock the items during slack market span. Practically all little and medium units are subject to the specialists and merchants for their money related backings. Worth Addition 1)Embroidery: The craft of design of texture or other material with strings, wires or cowhide utilizing a needle might be characterized as weaving. With the approach of modern machines, weaving is conceivable by machines likewise, particularly for dreary volume work. Yet, it is the hand weaving that keeps on intriguing humanity for a large number of years. Customarily, ladies have been rehearsing this craftsmanship from days of yore. In the cluster,some sarees are taken up for hand weaving (Kasuti work) or Machine weaving according to the client prerequisite. Close by weaving relying on the structure, a specialist takes one day to five days for a solitary saree. Ladies specialist does these weaving works, who all takes a shot at low maintenance bases and win cash. 2)Dress materials: Sarees might be changed over in to dress materials that are typically accessible in readymade position for sewing. It is for the most part of 7 Meters of length, out of which 2. 5 Meter is uniquely made for ridge segment and 4. 75 Meter is made for dressing segment. Creation of saree according to the study, a weaver can deliver 5 meters to 6. 7 meters of various assortments of sarees and he can create 1 sari to 3 sarees in a day. The value scope of one sari is around Rs. 230=00 to Rs. 1300=00. Complete Power loom units in this bunch are 372 units Total Looms introduced in this group are 1819 weavers sarees delivered are for the most part worn by ladies, age going from 40 to 60 years. Wages Skilled Power loom weaver compensation contrast from configuration to plan and are typically Rs. 00 to 250 every day. They have the work consistently. Work to ladies is more on winding machines and they acquire least about Rs 100=00 every day. Showcasing Annual Transaction The silk cotton mixed sarees are having acceptable interest among the clients of various states as a result of solace and low cost when contrasted and different sarees. According to the gauge the spot Betgeri is having exchange around 41 and chances crores in a year.

Life Stage Interventions

Question: Talk about the Life Stage Interventions. Answer: Presentation: It is the creating mind of a kid that causes them to do things which are concerning issue in their folks life. (Siegel, D. J., 2012). The developing age of the kid get numerous progressions his/her conduct, physical, passionate and mental level. The growing up of a kid is went with numerous new difficulties. These new changes and difficulties change the life of the youngster and what's to come. This young age is difficult to deal with now and again by the guardians. It is essential to care for the children in the juvenile age as it is the tie when they are under change from a child to being a high schooler. (Habitats for Disease control and anticipation, 2016). Formative changes Advancement is process that goes on with life as far as physical, social conduct, mental and passionate level. The different phases of life from birth to an infant, infant to youth, youth to immaturity, and to adulthood is went with the improvement procedure. (Supporter for youth, 2008). The kids having a place with the age gathering of 6-12 experience numerous adjustments as far as physical development however contrasted with the other development factors, the mental development is the most extreme. (Skuse, 2003). A 11 years of age kid shows an expanded degree of physical action. Grows more craving and is less happy with self and society around. Changes regarding state of mind, affectability towards things create. Uncertainty identified with the youth develops and this affects the social conduct. Companions are on top need, issue with guardians and kin is normal. Individual interests become increasingly significant, school work doesn't intrigue them. Regarding nervous system science now the cerebrum volume is balanced out. The youngster can enter the picked up data at whatever point required in regular day to day existence. If there should be an occurrence of 12 years of age youngster basic changes in the mind is watched. The learning limit increments. The individual begins to think themselves as a youngster. Companion fellowship is imperative to them. They have less enthusiasm for school and want to suggest their perspectives and thoughts as opposed to working with others. (Nicola, 2015). Formative achievements for a 12 years of age kid The prime formative standards for a juvenile kid are: Physical turn of events - an unexpected development as far as tallness and body weight happens. Improvement of auxiliary sexual characters happens. They gain adolescence in which the pituitary organ begins delivering more elevated level of testosterone in male kid and discharging more estrogen and progesterone in female kid. There are changes in the skin as pimple begins to show up due oil organ emissions. Additional perspiring and improvement of personal stench happens. Hairs begin to create in the arm pits and the genital region. Body extents are additionally changed in both male and female. Voice change and sexual development is seen in young men. In young ladies menstrual cycle begins with optional sexual characters advancement. Mental advancement they will in general become increasingly free as they develop. Abilities and dynamic force begins to create. Profession related issues begin to create, begin to look for advices and thoughts from companions and internet based life. Feeling of capable creates with social still, small voice. According to the National establishment of psychological wellness (NIH) the mind development in the immature kid is because of the arrangement of white issue and myelin sheath which strengthen the network of the neurons. These new changes move from the frontal area to the rear of the mind. The development in the parietal and worldly territories that direct the tangible, sound-related, discourse and spatial capacities are created by the kid accomplish the age of 13 years. With the advancement of frontal projections of the mind, the amygdala likewise begins to produce feelings identified with dread and brave responses. Contrast with a grown-up or a little youngster, the immature kid is hyper-receptive regarding feelings. (NIH). Passionate improvement begins to consider their appearance and coexisting with their companions. Hesitance and conceited conduct is watched. They become exceptionally unsure as far as what they look like and need to be a piece of the gatherings and not left out by others. Create preferring for the other gender and family life isn't of much worry to them. There is a ton of confidence debasement among the young ladies. The teenagers create egocentrism where they imagine that they are seen by all as far as appearance and different activities. Additionally they create considerations that the passionate or different encounters that happen in their life are never experienced by others. They are profoundly influenced by others assessments about them. Conduct advancement an incredible change in character is seen in the pre-adult youngsters. There is a more elevated level of emotional episode among these youngsters. Harassing and being ignored by others influences the youngsters particularly the young lady kid. Absence of rest, nervousness, conflicts with relatives, interest for freedom, peer pressure and their utilization of rationales and thinking abilities make inconveniences in their turn of events. (Anthony, M.) The episode At the point when I was 12 years of age, I needed to change my school in light of the fact that my folks need me to be in a spot nearer to home and they put me in another school that was nearer to my home, as the other one they needed to make a trip about an hour to arrive. Changing school was a critical choice for me. Leaving back companions and all the recollections from the outdated was difficult for me. Another school, new individuals everything made me apprehensive. I had a go at conversing with my folks however couldn't disregard the issue that they were confronting. I needed to consent to choice and join the new school. It was anything but a decent beginning for me in the new school. It was quite evident that I was not invited there. The gathering of young ladies looked downward on me for my dressing style and appearance. Nobody appeared to be keen on welcoming me to their gatherings. I was disregarded all in the class. My folks were interested about the new school and how I coexist with different children. It was hard for me to cause them to comprehend that I am ready to make new companions. I was unable to clarify them the remarks and the manner in which they all disregard me. I was so discouraged with the entirety of this. I was unable to focus on my examinations and this affected my evaluations. My folks were stressed over my conduct as I needed to be disregarded in my room and going to class never energized me. I despised everything about myself. Basic reflection The encounters of a kid decide the individual they will be and furthermore influence the general development and improvement. Children improvement is well in a steady domain or a place where go every day and they are utilized to it. Change of spot influences them contrarily. (Sandstrom and Huerta 2013). Adjusting to the new condition put them through numerous new difficulties. The issue of harassing includes it. This issue is one the most well-known issue with young ladies who enter their high school. Tormenting is one of serious issues in schools among kids. According to Robert Sege, MD, head of wandering pediatrics at Boston clinical focus and a supporter of the American Academy of Pediatrics-Bullying involves two individuals where one who is ground-breaking rules the more fragile by bothering them publically, scaring them and harming them genuinely. (Hatfield, 2010). Some regular sort of harassing issues are verbal, physical, social and digital tormenting (Peck, 2014). One of the examination identified with tormenting was led in Australia, which included 6000 kid and 2500 young lady understudies from 16 distinct schools, in 1993-1994 with a normal age of 14 years. The different standards were being called by destructive names, being prodded, kept separate from bunches intentionally, being kicked or genuinely hurt and verbal dangers. The investigation indicated that 9.5% of the young ladies were intentionally forgotten about by the different gatherings in the class. Verbal tormenting was discovered the most widely recognized issue with 11.5 % in young ladies and 12.6% in young men. (Rigby, K. 2007). According to contemplates led youngsters create mental scatters which should be dealt with in the event that they are survivors of being tormented. It can prompt misery, low confidence, and furthermore influence their scholarly presentation. It can now and again lead to danger of ending it all. (Nierenberg, 2015). Coming out of the ensured shell regularly make issues for the children. As I would like to think the difference in school influence the youngster unfavorably. Adjusting to a totally different condition and making new connections isn't a simple errand for them. Different issues which are identified with it additionally make them to bind in themselves and not let them come out with maximum capacity. It gets critical to let the kid express him/herself to enable them to develop. Helpful measures Treatment is required if the impact of the injury or the customary harassing is influencing the kid unfavorably. Sorrow is commonly secured under emotional episodes and understandings, wants to be disregarded is likewise a sign that the youngster is under melancholy. The absence of energy and social soul is the sign that the kid needs assistance. (Beam, 2015). Youngsters who are casualties of body disgracing and tormenting may create challenges in building relations later on. (Cooper, and White, 2004). It is significant discover the underlying driver of the issue and starts the treatment as needs be. Subjective based treatments and talk treatments could be effective to draw out the considerations of the kid. It is significant for guardians to comprehend the issue with their kid and give viable treatment to beat these difficulties. A portion of the viable treatments are Subjective conduct treatment It depends on building up a connection in musings, sentiments and activities. There ought to be solid relationship created so as to separate the data in regards to the social changes. The treatment should intrigue the kid so utilizing games and other pretends would help. In this treatment the negative contemplations are being expelled. They are assisted with changing their negative musings about themselves

Natchez

Natchez Natchez, city (1990 pop. 19,460), seat of Adams co., SW Miss., on bluffs above the Mississippi River; settled 1716, inc. 1803. It is the trade, shipping, and processing center for a soybean, corn, cotton, livestock, and timber area. It has lumber and pulpwood mills; manufactures include steel, transportation equipment, and machinery. Natchez was founded in 1716 when Fort Rosalie was established there; in 1729 members of the Natchez tribe killed the garrison troops. The area passed to England (1763), Spain (1779), and the United States (1798). Natchez was capital of the Mississippi Territory from 1798 to 1802, and was the state capital from 1817 to 1821. The southern terminus of the Natchez Trace , it became a great river port and the cultural center of the planter aristocracy before the Civil War, and was the site of one of the largest slave markets in the South. In the Civil War it was taken by Union forces in 1863. The city has preserved its antebellum architecture, and many hist oric homes are visited during the festival period in March and April. Natchez once housed a large, prosperous Jewish community and is home to the Museum of the Southern Jewish Experience. Also there are the Natchez Museum of African-American History and Culture, the 1841 William Johnson House (owned by a freed slave who became a slave owner himself), the prehistoric Grand Village of the Natchez tribe, and Jefferson College, Mississippi's first chartered educational institution and now a museum. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

How Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The...

Research Methods II Chapter II Clark Atlanta University Whitney M. Young Jr School of Social Work LaShoney Frink Review of Literature The purpose of this literature is to deliver an extensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review will also reveal how domestic violence affects children as well as the mental health of its victims. In addition, this chapter will include the Afrocentric perspective and theoretical framework as they relates to the research topic. Historical Perspective Understanding domestic violence is the key to solving the root of the problem. During the colonial period, intimate partner violence was justified by the belief that women were property of men to discipline and control (Encylopedia. of Interpersonal Violence 2008). Many believed the historical inequality of women and gender socialization of females and males contribute to the roots causes of domestic violence. Until 1960s, women who were raped or suffered violence in there homes had no formal place or safe haven to go to get help or support. Shelters and services for victims of domestic violence did not exist and there was little, if any, response from criminal orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Domestic Violence and the Effect It Has on Family1582 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. 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Research and observations that were studied revealedRead MoreDomestic Violence and the Effect it has on Family1587 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Domestic violence is a violent conf rontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm† (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks helpRead MoreDomestic Violence And Immigrant Women1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe student documentary video regarding domestic violence and immigrant women highlighted a significant health and a human right problem all over the world. Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal e-development, or deprivation† (WHO 2002:4). AccordingRead MoreEssay Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Epidemic1021 Words   |  5 Pages One of the most significant health and social problems affecting every society in the world today, irrespective of age, race, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (2007): Domestic violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio- economic, cultural, racial, and class distinctions. This problem is not only widely dispersed geographically, but its incidenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Serious And Ever Growing Problem1396 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence Domestic violence is a serious and ever growing problem that the United States is faced with. Many people have suffered from domestic violence, and many more are still suffering even though the abuse ended years ago. Domestic violence victims still continue to suffer from the experience to this day. The effects of domestic violence creates something that will stick with the victim for a lifetime. Because victims fear reporting their problems to the police, many accounts of domesticRead MoreDomestic Violence And Mental Injuries1399 Words   |  6 Pages Quetext about FAQ contact Domestic violence does not just result in physical injuries but also developmental issues in children that witness the abuse and never receive any type of counseling or therapy and psychological trauma. In the most severe cases death was also a result of domestic violence. With help or assistance the results of domestic violence can last a lifetime. People often think that domestic violence is just physical abuse but that is not always the case. In many ofRead MoreTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence1416 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence Theoretical Framework Domestic Violence among Women and Children A Theoretical Framework are theories that is formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explainsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Child Abuse Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to do my research on domestic violence and child abuse for many different reasons. As a young woman and hopefully a future mother, I wanted to be well educated on domestic violence and child abuse so that I can hopefully prevent these from happening to me of my future children. By researching domestic violence and child abuse I was able to learn about warning signs, as well as other useful information regarding these topics, such as where to seek help. Also, as someone who wants to be a teacherRead MoreMy Ish Yi1 189 Words   |  5 PagesKatie’s house to find her with her eyebrow slashed and bleeding, black eye, as well as bruises all over her. I stated â€Å"What happened to you? Are you okay? I am taking you to the hospital!† She had said that Jason had done this to her and not to tell anyone. I did as she told me to do and the situation only got worse. As I noticed the violence progressing I told authorities; I needed to help my best friend. Domestic violence is emotional abuse are behaviors used by one person in a relationship to control

The Importance Of A Community - 1489 Words

Name: Callum Hutchinson Age:13 In game name: CallumOg soon to be CallumOG Do you have twitch or youtube channel:no have u previously been banned: no do u have a head set: no i just wear headphones with a mic What languages can u speak I know a little bit of Spanish. a little bit of french. My main language is English. Why do you want this rank?: I would want this rank to not only help out the community but to help out the staff. I dedicate all of my time towards the server to make a more welcoming community instead of a toxic place to be. I love to dedicate my time to a community that I have loved for many weeks. Anyways, I am a pretty active player myself, I have been working on with many communities and they do not seem to fit my†¦show more content†¦Explain some cases in which you would perm-ban/temp-ban people: Hacking: I would ban the player with proof. Spamming: I will temp mute the player for around 15-30 minutes with proof of the player spamming. Racism: Perm mute the player, I would not Tolerate Racism. It should never be okay. Harassment Towards players // Staff: I will warn the player first if the player continues I will Tempmute the player. DDOS Threats: Perm ban. Doesnt matter who you are, should never be tolerated. IRL Scamming: I will get proof before a ban. I will ban or tempban the player depending on the circumstances. Advertising: Perm mute or a Perm Ban. Advertising other servers shouldnt be allowed either. Leaking personal information: whether this be on discord or on teamspeak, it should not be allowed, whether leaking the staffs or the members information, I will Perm ban the player, with proof. Tell us a little bit about yourself: My name is Callum, I go to an high school in somerset England. When I am older i really want to be a football player or a f1 driver but in my spare time i will come on the server and help everyone out with there feelings and if they need stuff i will give them what i can do to my best off my abilitys Why are you applying for Helper: I am applying for helper because I feel like I can help the community not in a positive way but in a more of a helpful way. I have seen many staff members in the community resign. I am the staff member that willShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Community Service1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Community Service What is community service? If you asked me at my grade 8 graduation, I would have said that it was 40 hours of volunteering required to receive your high school diploma. I probably would have commented that it wouldn’t be hard to do- I mean it was only 10 hours every year. I might have also mentioned that I didn’t have a plan on how I was going to complete the requirement, but I would figure something out. Four years and over 200 community service hours laterRead MoreThe Importance Of Volunteering In The Community1074 Words   |  5 PagesVolunteering in the community helps develop a connection with the community. Communities are people who help one another to make an impact in someone’s life. Giving back to those that helped one previously can make a difference. Giving up a few hours during the week to volunteer at a summer reading program at the community library can bring joy in some child’s life. Supporting and helping younger children learn in our c ommunity brings me pride. Volunteering is a way to give back to your community and gain workRead MoreThe Importance Of Community Policy1649 Words   |  7 PagesDay, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. On rare occasions, there may be time that due to staffing and/or emergencies the office may be closed. We apologize for any inconveniences this may cause. NAMI Ventura County programs best meet the needs of the community when they are consistent and reliable. To that end, NAMI Ventura County will do their best not to cancel programs or meetings. We ask all volunteers to please take their commitment very seriously. Occasionally, it may be necessary to cancel orRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Community1238 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity is very important and has many factors like kinship, unity, and identity. Community helps society because it creates solutions, provides security and reveals dedication. It discovers truthfulness. Communities are part of everyday life and have positive affects on its members. Communities can be found everywhere and can be created anywhere. 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Initial Public Offer Free Essays

Initial public offer (IPO) as the name suggests refers to when a company goes public or issue shares of the company to the public in order to raise capital for the first time. After the IPO, the company gets listed and its shares are traded on stock exchange. Once it gets listed then the permission to trade these shares is granted by shareholders i. We will write a custom essay sample on Initial Public Offer or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. to whom the shares have been allotted in the IPO. There can be many reasons for bringing out an IPO. First, when the company issues new shares to the public, then the money raised from public goes to the company. Second, when the Govt. Sell their stake in the company to the public, then the money raised goes to the Govt. (like the disinvestment of PSUs). However, one must be wondering why would individuals invest in a particular company? The answer is dividends. The shareholders expect the company will distribute the share of future profits among them as dividends. How an IPO is conducted IPOs generally involve book runners i. e. one or more investment banks known as underwriters. The underwriters retain a portion of the proceeds as their fee. This fee is called an underwriting spread. Various methods of conducting an IPO are Dutch auction, Firm Commitment, Best Efforts, Bought Deal and Self Distribution of stock. IPOs can be made through the Fixed Price Method or Book Building Method. In the fixed price method, the price at which the securities are offered is fixed in advance. In the book building method, the investors have to bid for shares within a price band specified by the issuer and the final price is decided after observing the result of the bidding. The fixing of the band and the bidding process are done with the help of an investment bank or a group of several companies specializing in securities. While most of the companies are eligible to make a public issue are free to decide the price band but infrastructure companies are subject to follow SEBI norms as well as banks are required to get RBI’s permission. The prices are decided by the company’s board of directors, which fixes the band after consulting the book runner (particularly an investment bank). In India, the issuer is allowed a price band of 20% (that is the cap of band should not be more than 20% above the floor price i. e. the lowest price that a seller will accept). After deciding the band, bids are invited on all prices of the band. Once the book is closed, the seller fixes the price at which all of its shares will get sold. However, there can be a situation of Oversubscription of an IPO (i. e. if applications are received for more number of shares than the company is authorised to allot). In that case, the allocations would be done proportionately among all the successful bidders i. e. among those bidders who did bidding at the price determined by the company or at the price higher than that. After the price has been determined on the basis of bidding, the public advertisement containing the rice as well as table showing the number of securities and the amount payable by an investor is issued. Various Investors Involved ? ? ? Retail Investors Non-Institutional Investors Qualified Institutional Buyers If a company is making an issue through 100 % book building process then1) Minimum 35% shall be offered to Retail Investors 2) Minimum 15% shall be offered to Non-Institutional Investors 3) Maximum 50% shall be off ered to Qualified Institutional Buyers. There can also be FPO (Follow on public offer) when company’s offer to the public is not for the first time. There are certain advantages attached with going public. Capital can be used to pay off existing debt or to fund capital expenditure. Moreover, another advantage is an increased public awareness of a particular company as IPOs helps in attracting new potential customers which may ultimately leads to increase in the market share of a company. Before deciding whether to go public or not, a company must evaluate all the potential benefits or challenges that will arise. The book runners involved in the process (i. e. investment banks) are given the responsibility to find out the pros and cons of an IPO and determine whether it is favourable or not for the company. How to cite Initial Public Offer, Papers

Erikson and Piaget free essay sample

Erikson versus Piaget: Active and Passive Learning Billy Jenkins Grand Canyon University: PSY 650 January 27, 2012 Abstract In this paper, the idea of active versus passive learning is discussed, as well as the major learning theories of Piaget and Erikson. Furthermore, their major learning theories are compared to each other and applied to the principles of active and passive learning. Because of my teaching and classroom experience, the application of active and passive learning will be applied to childhood development and learning. In addition, the learning theories of Piaget and Erikson, and their similarities and differences in relation to passive and active learning, will be applied to the classroom as well. Active versus Passive Learning According to Petress (2008), active and passive learning is often discussed in education journal articles and presented to teachers at in-service meetings. Active learning is the opposite of passive learning just as the active learning student is different from the passive learning student. The passive student is solely dependent on the teacher and what the teacher teaches in the classroom. The active learner depends slightly on the teacher, but takes learning a little further toward individualized, intrinsic learning. They are not overly dependent on a teacher because actively learning makes the student a partner in the process of learning. Teachers are often used as a resource for the active learners†¦ a resource that guides the learning process and motivates further educational learning. Passive learning requires little student involvement or overt work, and it is not self-reinforcing. On the other hand, according to Petress (2008), active learning is self-reinforcing and the student is intrinsically motivated to learn because learning is enjoyable, motivating, and extremely effective in getting tasks done. The difference between the two learners is that information learned passively will not be retained well and is not as effective or enthusiastically applied, whereas information learned actively will be retained better and is more effectively and enthusiastically applied to other areas of learning. Characteristics of Active and Passive Learners Active learners can frequently be observed performing such behaviors as: asking clarifying questions to stimulate further learning, challenging ideas to increase intellect and social dialogue, following up on learning through personal extensions by applying what is learned, connecting recently learned material with previously learned material, discussing learned concepts with others, keeping an enthusiastic attitude toward learning, exchanging and sharing views, and keeping an open mind to increase reasoning skills (Drew, 2011). On the other hand, according to Drew (2011), passive learners can frequently be observed exhibiting behaviors such as: diminished motivation and enthusiasm toward spontaneous learning, minimal transference of what is learned, a stunted retention because learning is not connected, minimal questioning, and infrequent exchanging of views. Classroom Implications Teachers seem to have an easier and more successful task in dealing with and instructing active learners as opposed to passive learners. This is due in part because active learners realize that the material presented by the teacher or the readings required in the classroom seem to be difficult which prompts the active learner to ask clarifying questions to avoid major difficulties later. Passive learners, on the other hand, often fail to realize the small barriers to learning until they become major ones. Consequently, active learners seek help or tutoring with difficult concepts sooner than the passive learners because the passive learners wait until the barriers are often insurmountable. In the classroom, active learners help teachers by providing relevant examples often adding to the classroom dialogue; whereas passive learners typically refuse providing examples thus blunting class dialogue (Petress, 2008). Consequently, according to Petress (2008), active versus passive learning behaviors do not disappear when students leave school and enter the workforce. Thus, the active learner typically has better opportunities for advancement than do passive learners. Often passive learners adapt in the workforce, but the process is often slow and painful. Obviously, active learning is the preferred way of learning. Teaching, rewarding, and promoting active learning is easiest when begun early. Teachers, parents, and other stakeholders working with students need competent instruction that can easily be applied toward rewarding, reinforcing, and extending the active learning behaviors. Piaget According to Belsky (2010), Piaget was an advocate and strong believer that children learn through hands-on experiences. He believed that children learn by acting on and in the physical world, meaning that children learn by experiencing what is around them. Piaget categorized learning into four stages of development, sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations. In the sensorimotor (ages 0-2), infants learn by manipulating objects, thus equating this manipulation to the basics of physical reality. In the preoperations stage ages 2-7), children’s perceptions are built upon their immediate appearances, meaning whatever they see, is reality. In the concrete operations stage (ages 8-12), children begin to develop a more realistic understanding of what is around them, but abstract thinking is often difficult or lacking. In the formal operations stage (ages 12+), reasoning is at its peak and children begin to think hypothetically until full cognitive potential is reached. Jean Piaget’s work has greatly influenced constructivist educators through what we now call discovery learning. Fogarty (1999) explains that Piaget’s main theory premise is that the learners’ interactions lead to structural changes in how they think based on data assimilation.